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Manifest conflict is the activity dimension of conflict. Conflictual behavior refers to overt activity like written or oral exchanges expressing disagreement between two or more parties. Conflictual behavior can range from passive resistance to overt aggression.
Habib, G. M. (1987). Measures of manifest conflict in international joint ventures. Academy of Management Journal, 30(4), 808-816.
Pondy, L. R. (1967). Organizational conflict: Concepts and models. Administrative science quarterly, 296-320.