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Manifest conflict

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Manifest conflict is the activity dimension of conflict. Conflictual behavior refers to overt activity like written or oral exchanges expressing disagreement between two or more parties. Conflictual behavior can range from passive resistance to overt aggression.

Habib, G. M. (1987). Measures of manifest conflict in international joint ventures. Academy of Management Journal, 30(4), 808-816.

Pondy, L. R. (1967). Organizational conflict: Concepts and models. Administrative science quarterly, 296-320.

Perceived conflict

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Perceived conflict is an individual's perception or awareness of being in conflict with another. It is a cognitive state. Stress, tension, hostility, and anxiety characterize affective conflict. These feelings are necessary, but not sufficient, conditions for conflictual behavior to arise.

Habib, G. M. (1987). Measures of manifest conflict in international joint ventures. Academy of Management Journal, 30(4), 808-816.

Pondy, L. R. (1967). Organizational conflict: Concepts and models. Administrative science quarterly, 296-320.

Latent conflict

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Latent conflict encompasses potential sources of conflictual behavior like role deviance, allocation of resources, divergence of goals, bad communication, and drives for autonomy.

Habib, G. M. (1987). Measures of manifest conflict in international joint ventures. Academy of Management Journal, 30(4), 808-816.

Pondy, L. R. (1967). Organizational conflict: Concepts and models. Administrative science quarterly, 296-320.