Employee silence

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Employee silence refers to the intentional withholding of information by employees from others (Johannesen, 1974). However, not every case of noncommunication represents employee silence. It is characterized only by the noncommunication resulting from a conscious decision of employees to hold back seemingly important information, including suggestions, concerns, or questions (Morrison and Milliken, 2000).

Tangirala, S., & Ramanujam, R. (2008). Employee silence on critical work issues: The cross level effects of procedural justice climate. Personnel Psychology, 61(1), 37–68.

Voice: Review and Integration

Reference paper:

Morrison, E. W. (2011). Employee Voice Behavior: Integration and Directions for Future Research. The Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), 373–412. doi:10.1080/19416520.2011.574506

Organizational silence

Reference paper:

Morrison, E. W., & Milliken, F. J. (2000). Organizational silence: A barrier to change and development in a pluralistic world. Academy of Management Review, 706–725.

Conceptualizing silence and voice

Reference paper:

Dyne, L. V., Ang, S., & Botero, I. C. (2003). Conceptualizing Employee Silence and Employee Voice as Multidimensional Constructs*. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1359–1392.

Exploratory study of employee silence

Reference paper:

Milliken, F. J., Morrison, E. W., & Hewlin, P. F. (2003). An Exploratory Study of Employee Silence: Issues that Employees Don’t Communicate Upward and Why*. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1453–1476.

Group voice climate

Reference paper:

Morrison, E. W., Wheeler-Smith, S. L., & Kamdar, D. (2011). Speaking up in groups: A cross-level study of group voice climate and voice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(1), 183–191. doi:10.1037/a0020744

Implicit voice theories

Reference paper:

Detert, J. R., & Edmondson, A. C. (2011). Implicit voice theories: Taken-for-granted rules of self-censorship at work. The Academy of Management Journal (AMJ), 54(3), 461–488.